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Probiotics and prebiotics in the diet of the population. Effect on disease frequency.
Cherepanova, Ekaterina ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Horová, Eva (referee)
Over the past decade, scientific research has focused on the intricate relationship between the human microbiome and the immune system. A particular emphasis in the last three years has been on investigating the impact of the microbiome on the susceptibility and severity of COVID- 19 infections. There is substantial evidence suggesting that the consumption of fermented foods, ranging from fermented vegetables and kefir to yogurt and kimchi, has a beneficial effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiome and, consequently, on the function of the immune system. This study, part of a bachelor's thesis, explores the complex association between regular consumption of fermented foods and the frequency of infectious diseases. Through the analysis of data obtained from a questionnaire, it was found that individuals who regularly incorporated fermented products into their diet exhibited a lower frequency of infectious diseases over the past two years. These results indicate that the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics may positively influence the immune system, reducing the risk of disease. Regarding the examination of the relationship between the consumption of probiotics from food sources and the frequency of COVID-19 infections, a contrasting observation emerged. Those who were fully...
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The Appliances Immunity to Short Voltage Dips and Interruptions
Bok, Jaromír ; Beláň, Anton (referee) ; Santarius, Pavel (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
This Ph.D. thesis deals with problems about voltage dips and short voltage interruptions, generally named as voltage events, which origin in power supply networks and have a negative influence for all connected electric appliances. In this thesis single phase appliances are considered. These problems closely relate with area of electromagnetic compatibility which solve all questions about correct operation of different types of electric appliances during electromagnetic disturbances impact. Voltage events are ones of the many types of electromagnetic disturbances. The connection between disturbance sources and sensitive electric appliances is created by power supply lines. The immunity of electric appliances to voltage dips and short interruptions is currently tested via voltage dips with strictly defined parameters which are intended by class of electromagnetic environment in which the usage of electric appliance is recommended. During immunity tests the rectangular shape of voltage dips is preferred. The main descriptive parameters of testing voltage events are the residual voltage and the event time duration. But voltage dips and short interruptions defined by this way do not closely relate with parameters of real voltage dips and interruptions occurred in public supply system where parameters of voltage dips are variable. Moreover in the power supply system there are many of others voltage parameters which can have a significant influence to immunity level of connected electric appliances. This Ph.D. thesis also deals with finding more voltage event parameters. Although the voltage events occurrence in the power supply system is not limited and voltage events are considered only as informative voltage parameter it is important to monitor voltage events occurrence. The monitoring device has to be able to operate for ling time period and it has to detect parameters of voltage events with adequate accuracy. The accuracy of detected event parameters and the detection delay depends on the detection algorithm characteristics. That is why the part of this thesis relates with a comparison of several detection algorithms and their abilities to correct detection of voltage event parameters. The main purpose of this thesis is the proposal of connection between classification of voltage dips and short interruptions occurred in power supply system with the classification of electric appliances immunity to these voltage events. On the base of many of provided electric appliances immunity tests and also on the base of long time period voltage events monitoring the special compatibility levels are proposed in this thesis. The observation of proposed compatibility levels will bring the increasing level of reliable operation of all connected electric appliances.
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Architectural lighting and desing particularity
Haluza, Miroslav ; Maixner, Tomáš (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is make a list of theoretic routes outside (architectural) lighting and draw up accessible light fitting. Further are in those work included principle for handy suggestion architectural lighting after technical norms and practical recommendationthat the is necessary at projection hereof lighting adhere. Last but not least is here mentioned problems installation and upkeep architectural lighting and safeness and immunity electric arrangement.
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Influence of Health Regimen on Immune System
Kotrč, Jan ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of lifestyle on the immune system and project-based teaching of the immune system in elementary school biology. The theoretical part is devoted to embedding elementary school biology and topics covering the curriculum of the immune system in curricular documents and literary research of the immune system and related topics with regard to life management and the definition of project teaching. The aim of the practical part was to design, implement and evaluate the project teaching of the immune system, intended for the 8th year of primary school. The teaching evaluation was carried out in two parallel classes of the 8th grade at a selected primary school with a sample of 41 pupils. The goal of the evaluation was to verify the knowledge about the immune system and to find out the subjective evaluation of the implemented teaching for pupils of two eighth grades at a selected elementary school with an interval of two weeks. The data was collected using a pretest and posttest and a questionnaire to determine the subjective evaluation of the project day by the pupils. The goal of the implemented project was to acquire knowledge of the immune system and connect it with the already acquired knowledge of practical principles of life management and the development...
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Physiology and Pathology of unconventional lymphocytes
Zubatá, Ivana ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Szotkowski, Tomáš (referee) ; Vydra, Jan (referee)
MAIT cells, mucosal-associated T lymphocytes, are a group of immune cells that have both innate and adaptive immunity abilities. They are defined by the expression of a semi-invariant TCR chain. They exhibit anti-infective potential with cytotoxic effector functions and immunomodulatory capabilities. The primary activation pathway is through the MR1 molecule of the non-classical MHC Ib class which is exerted in defense against bacteria and mycoses. MAIT cells are also able to TCR-independent activation by proinflammatory cytokines. They are involved in cytokine storms mediated by bacterial superantigens and in antiviral defense. They respond rapidly by producing a wide range of inflammatory mediators, including the repertoire of adaptive immunity Th1, Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes. Recent work shows resistance to some xenobiotics. This dissertation presents the results of an investigation of the phenotype of MAIT cell subpopulations measured by flow cytometry. By stimulation with ionomycin and PMA we analyzed their repertoire of cytotoxic abilities. In the main research project the hypothesis of anti-infective potential and resistance of MAIT cells to xenobiotics is applied to clinical practice in the field of haematooncology. The thesis presents evidence for a protective role of MAIT cells during the...
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The Human Colon and the Variability of its Microbial Colonization from Adaptations to Different Environmental Conditions
Peterová, Lucie ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
This bachelors's thesis focuses on the study of the human large intestine and the variability of its microbial colonization in relation to different environmental conditions. The human large intestine is considered to be a dynamic ecosystem that is populated by a diverse community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a key role in host physiology, influencing digestion, the immune system and energy metabolism. This thesis summarizes the current state of knowledge in the literature regarding the human large intestine and its microbial population, focusing on the adaptation of the intestinal microbiota to different environmental conditions such as diet, antibiotic use and disease occurrence. It also analyses the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on the gut microbiota, including the effects of stress, physical activity and geographical location. The thesis provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the gut microbiome and highlights its importance in maintaining human health. The variability of microbial colonization of the gut is a fascinating phenomenon that deserves careful study and understanding. Understanding these processes may contribute to the development of new strategies for maintaining and restoring a healthy gut microbiota that could...
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Immune System: Project Based Learning at the 2nd Level of Elementary School
Kotrč, Jan ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis is focused on lifestyle and the relationship between lifestyle and the human immune system. The theoretical part is dedicated to the literary research of the immune system, its definition, physiology and anatomy and lifestyle factors, such as nutrition, physical activity, stress and hardening, as well as the definition of the concept of project teaching. Of all the connections between lifestyle and the immune system, this work devotes the most space to nutrition. The practical part of the work includes the design, implementation and evaluation of project teaching in the scope of four lessons at the 2nd grade of the elementary school in Radonice. I designed the project called "How to support immunity" as a project intended to be implemented within the subjects of the Human and health education area and is included in the 6th grade. It is a year-long project that requires the creation of several working groups. The duration of the project is one teaching day (four teaching hours). The goal of the project is to connect knowledge of practical principles of life management to support the optimal function of the immune system in everyday life, as well as the development of competencies such as the ability to search, sort and present information and collaborate on a common task. The final...
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Verification of practical possibilities of strengthening the immune system in men
BOHÁČOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis focuses on the immune systém, its function and the factors that influence it. The theoretical part defines the concept of the immune systém and its functioning. Firstly, it presents the biological perspective, including a description of its basic cells, primary organs and division. The thesis then addresses important factors that have a significant impact on its function. These factors are divided into positively influencing and negatively influencing factors with each chapter discussing their effects onhuman health in case of excess or deficiency. The practical part aims to apply the knowledge in practice, specifically through immune training designesd by Dr. Hermann Geesing. The immune training is conducted with eight men over a period of five months. The participants subjectively evaluate the results of their training based on predetermined questions. The output is presented through tables and graphs along with an interview. The evaluation includes the participantts mental and physical state at the beginning and end of the immune training, along with a description of activities that were either easy or difficult for the participants to accomplish.
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Classification and modelling of LED light sources in terms of sensitivity to supply voltage fluctuations
Hudáč, Tomáš ; Kukačka, Leoš (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
Cieľom tejto práce je preskúmať a charakterizovať celkovú odolnosť voči flickru v LED svetelných zdrojoch dostupných na súčasnom trhu, a vytvoriť modelu LED svetelného zdroja. Na nájdenie reprezentatívnych vzoriek LED svetelných zdrojov, bola prevedená analýza online trhu, ktorá ukazuje najpredávanejšie typy. Na základe výsledkov z analýzy sa získalo 31 vzoriek. S rôznymi LED technológiami a rôznymi možnosťami regulácie výkonu, napríklad bezdrôtovo alebo triakom. Vykonaním meraní za ideálnych podmienok napájania a rozobraním niektorých vzoriek boli celkovo identifikované 4 hlavné triedy s rôznymi topológiami napájacích obvodov. Ďalej sa vykonali testy ich citlivosti na blikanie a imunitou voči blikaniu. Na základe získaných výsledkov testov bola každá topológia ovládača ohodnotená podľa jej celkovej odolnosti voči blikaniu. V závere práce bol navrhnutý model v Simulinku, ktorý úspešne simuloval IH GF krivky v porovnaní s nameranými hodnotami
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Helminths in the mammalian lungs: migration strategies and pathology
Butula, Dan ; Majer, Martin (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes the knowledge about the migration strategies of medically important pulmonary helminths and their laboratory models and describes the pulmonary pathology caused by these helminths. Helminths typically enter the lungs within hours or days after infection and often migrate from the lungs to other body organs. Certain species migrate through the lungs intravascularly (schistosome larvae and in certain cases filarial larvae), but others enter the lung parenchyma directly (roundworm larvae, Strongyloides hookworms, adults of Paragonimus flukes, and the metacestode of the tapeworm Echinococcus) or colonise the pleural cavity (adults of Litomosoides sigmodontis and young adults of Paragonimus flukes). This, together with the time spent in the lungs, influences the pathology caused. During this time, mechanical damage to the lung tissue, granuloma formation, infiltration of immune cells, emphysema formation, remodelling of lung tissue and blood vessels, and more can occur. Excretory secretory products of helminths contribute significantly to the pathology, which, among other things, are used as a tool to modulate host immunity and shape the migratory pathway through the lungs. This topic is of particular importance in terms of elucidating the pulmonary processes that are...
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